LUCY™ 3D QA Phantom — what the SRS end-to-end literature says.

Four real anchor citations across the workflow the Lucy 3D is bought for — the end-to-end (E2E) portion of an SRS / SRT / SBRT QA programme under the AAPM MPPG 9.a framework. Covers the direct peer-reviewed head-to-head (Sarkar 2016 · Lucy 3D vs a commercial SRS QA comparator), the practice guideline that requires an E2E phantom (Halvorsen 2017 · MPPG 9.a · 72-hour availability), the applied comparative E2E QA study quantifying film vs diode-array workflow trade-offs (Lim 2022) and the numerical commissioning-criteria thresholds a modern MLC-based SRS programme is measured against (Brown 2022). Every DOI + journal reference verified; all open-access URLs.

< 1 mmWinston-Lutz isocentre to hidden-target coincidence (Brown 2022)

≤ 72 hrAAPM MPPG 9.a E2E-phantom on-site availability requirement

γ > 90 %film γ (3 % / 1 mm) passing rate — SRS commissioning threshold

Product specs Physicist's notes

Filter

What the Sarkar 2016 head-to-head measured

comparator

Commercial comparator

modern commercial SRS QA phantom

subject

Lucy 3D

Exradin A16 micro chamber + commercial SRS headframe + MR distortion inserts

Peer-reviewed comparison2016

Lucy 3D head-to-headDirect peer-reviewed SRS-phantom head-to-head — Exradin A16 micro chamber inside a commercial SRS headframe, with MR-signal-generator and grid-distortion inserts for MRI geometric QA. The only peer-reviewed comparison that names the Lucy 3D against a modern commercial SRS-QA comparator phantom

Head-to-head comparison of two commercial phantoms used for SRS QA

Journal of Radiosurgery + SBRT 4(3):213 – 223 (open access) — Sarkar, Huang, Huang, Rassiah-Szegedi, Salter

Read source

MPPG 9.a — what the SRS E2E phantom must do

Scope

appropriate to the SRS-SBRT scope of services

≤ 72 hr

on-site availability requirement

Same

staff continuity across every E2E step

MPPG 9.a is the modern practice guideline for medical-physics support of linac-based SRS / SRT / SBRT programmes. The E2E-phantom requirement is verbatim in the guideline; the Lucy 3D is a purpose-built way to meet it.

Practice guideline · MPPG 9.a2017

72 hrMPPG 9.a explicitly requires an E2E phantom appropriate to the SRS-SBRT scope of services on-site + available within 72 hours; each E2E step performed by the same staff. IROC-Houston is the only external-audit resource named. This is the framework paper the Lucy 3D is bought against

AAPM-RSS Medical Physics Practice Guideline 9.a — SRS-SBRT

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 18(5):10 – 21 (open access) — Halvorsen, Cirino, Das, Fairobent, Fontenla, Gopalakrishnan, Kabuka, Klein, Lo, Mahesh, Nash, Prisciandaro, Sharpe, Sherouse, Watkins (AAPM-RSS)

Read source

SRS E2E QA — film vs diode array — Lim 2022

γ 94 – 100 %

Anthropomorphic + radiochromic film

reference method; 6 h analysis; localisation within 0.5 ± 0.2 mm

± 1.9 % vs TPS

Commercial SRS diode-array device

faster (2 h analysis); +0.7 mm localisation uncertainty vs film

Applied E2E · Film vs diode array2022

94 – 100 %Radiochromic-film γ (3 % / 1 mm) passing rate 94.0-100.0 % (reference method). Commercial diode-array E2E device within 1.9 % of the TPS-calculated dose but adds ~ 0.7 mm localisation-uncertainty vs film. Quantifies where the fast diode-array workflow is close-enough vs where the reference-film E2E cross-check still has to be done

Comparative study of SRS end-to-end QA processes of a diode-array device and an anthropomorphic phantom loaded with GafChromic XD film

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 23(9):e13747 (open access) — Lim, Kuo, Li, Li, Ballangrud, Lovelock, Chan (Memorial Sloan Kettering)

Read source

MLC SRS commissioning criteria — Brown 2022

< 1 mm

Winston-Lutz iso ↔ hidden-target coincidence

± 5 %

measured-chamber vs calculated dose

γ > 90 %

film γ (3 % / 1 mm) passing rate

These are the numerical acceptance criteria a modern MLC-based SRS programme is commissioned against. The Lucy 3D covers the Winston-Lutz + chamber-dose + film-γ evidence chain in one phantom.

MLC SRS commissioning criteria2022

< 1 mm · ± 5 % · γ > 90 %The three concrete commissioning-criteria thresholds an MLC SRS programme on a modern C-arm linac is measured against: coincidence of treatment isocentre and CBCT-aligned hidden target < 1 mm; measured-chamber to calculated dose within ± 5 %; film γ (3 % / 1 mm) > 90 %. Tighter than IROC 5 % / 3 mm — reflects the precision requirement of stereotactic delivery

Determination of commissioning criteria for multileaf-collimator, stereotactic radiosurgery treatments on Varian TrueBeam and Edge machines using a novel anthropomorphic phantom

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 23(6):e13581 (open access) — Brown, Fagerstrom, Beck, Holloway, Burton, Kaurin, Mahendra, Luckstead, Kielar, Kerns (NW Medical Physics Center)

Read source

Back to LUCY 3D product page

Standards, Regulator + Manufacturer Reference Reading

AAPM SRS-SBRT + linac-QA task-group reports the phantom-based E2E workflow sits inside, plus manufacturer brochure + E2E whitepaper.

PDF

AAPM MPPG 9.a — SRS-SBRT Medical Physics Practice Guideline (open PDF)

Halvorsen et al. 2017 open PDF at aapm.org — the practice guideline that establishes the E2E-phantom + IROC + staff-continuity requirements for a modern SRS-SBRT programme.

Reference · AAPMDownload

FILE

AAPM TG-101 — Stereotactic body radiation therapy

Benedict et al. 2010 · Med Phys 37(8):4078-4101 — the foundational SBRT task-group report. Defines the end-to-end programme requirements a phantom like the Lucy 3D supports for non-cranial stereotactic delivery.

Reference · AAPMDownload

FILE

AAPM TG-135 — Quality assurance for robotic radiosurgery

Dieterich et al. 2011 · Med Phys 38(6):2914-2936 — the CyberKnife-specific QA framework; names the AQA (Alignment QA) phantom for daily targeting accuracy. Applies to CyberKnife programmes running Lucy for the E2E cross-check.

Reference · AAPMDownload

FILE

AAPM TG-142 — QA of medical accelerators

The annual-QA task-group report the Lucy 3D E2E test cadence sits inside for the annual small-field / MLC / delivery-accuracy re-check.

Reference · AAPMDownload

PDF

LUCY 3D — product brochure

Manufacturer product brochure — insert catalogue, dimensions, modality coverage.

BrochureDownload

PDF

LUCY — End-to-End QA whitepaper

Manufacturer end-to-end stereotactic QA whitepaper walking the CT-fusion + plan + deliver + measure workflow.

WhitepaperDownload

LUCY™ 3D QA Phantom

More for this product

Each card opens a focused post for a specific specialty — clinical workflow and evidence, written for the persona you select.

For Medical Physicist

Medical Physicist

The full SRS end-to-end chain — five links, one phantom

AAPM MPPG 9.a sets a verbatim 72-hour on-site availability requirement for E2E phantoms. What does each of the five links of the chain look like, and which Lucy insert serves it? Sourced to Halvorsen 2017 + Sarkar 2016.

Read this

Literature Radar · auto-updated daily

Latest SRS end-to-end QA research

Fresh peer-reviewed papers on end-to-end stereotactic QA — phantom design + head-to-head studies, MPPG 9.a implementation, MLC SRS commissioning criteria, and multi-target single-isocentre / MR-guided workflows. Auto-updated from Europe PMC.

See all in radar →

Loading recent papers…

Get the weekly digest →