Saxsons Group

Radiopharmacist's Notes · Saxsons Shielded Infusion Pump Shield

The administration step dominates PRRT staff dose —and the variant matrix maps onto the isotope.

Riveira-Martin et al. (EJNMMI Physics 2023) put the patient-administration step at 69 % of total cumulative staff dose across 32 administrations of 7.4 GBq Lu-177 DOTATATE — 19 % of procedure time, 69 % of the dose. Peak dose-rates 93–113 µSv/h. This SOP is which cabinet variant covers each isotope class, how the IV-pole-cut option fits the transport step, and what the AERB extremity-dose log should read after a year of high-throughput PRRT.

Three published facts that drive this SOP

Every number below is sourced inline; this is the evidence backbone the variant selection rests on.

  • Administration step is 69 % of total staff dose at 19 % of procedure time

    Riveira-Martin et al. measured 32 administrations of 7.4 GBq Lu-177 DOTATATE — administration accounted for 69 % of total cumulative staff dose despite occupying only 19 % of procedure time. Peak dose-rates 93 ± 31 µSv/h (physicians), 113 ± 56 µSv/h (nurses). Source: EJNMMI Physics 10:84 (2023). PMC10645926.

  • Lead apron alone reduces by 56–71 %; residual is the dominant pathway

    A standard PRRT lead apron during administration reduced dose-rates by 71 % (physicians) and 56 % (nurses), with cumulative dose reduced by 69 % and 68 % respectively. Apron is necessary; on its own it leaves the residual dose-rate at the operator-side approach geometry that the source-side cabinet attacks.

  • Hp(0.07) per 7.4 GBq dose — without source-side shielding

    Normalized dominant-hand Hp(0.07) for Lu-177 DOTATATE administration: 45.2 µSv/GBq for physicians, 13.9 µSv/GBq for nurses (per Riveira-Martin 2023). At a per-administration dose of 7.4 GBq, that is roughly 335 µSv physician / 103 µSv nurse hand dose per patient — before the source-side cabinet is in the path.

Per-isotope variant selection

A variant matrix across shielding tiers. The β/γ hybrid (Perspex inner + lead outer) is the dose-driving Lu-177 / Y-90 case; lead-only tiers cover I-131 and Tc-99m / Tl-201 / low-energy SPECT.

Lu-177 (DOTATATE / PSMA-617 / FAPI)

β E_max ~498 keV + γ 113 / 208 keV

Variant

Perspex inner + lead outer (β/γ hybrid)

β/γ hybrid variant with IV-pole-cut back panel

The Perspex inner layer absorbs the β with minimal bremsstrahlung; the lead outer catches the 113 / 208 keV γ and any residual bremsstrahlung. The IV-pole cut on this variant means the cabinet rides the standard ward IV pole across the dispensary → patient → ward-corridor transport step.

Y-90 (microspheres, peptide)

β E_max 2.28 MeV — essentially pure β

Variant

Perspex inner + lead outer (β/γ hybrid)

Same β/γ hybrid variant

High-energy β makes the bremsstrahlung-ordering principle especially important. Perspex first — stop the β before it reaches the lead. Lead second — handle residual bremsstrahlung. Inverted order is a measurable dose-rate increase.

I-131 (oral-solution or therapy decant)

γ 364 keV (primary)

Variant

Lead-only (standard tier)

Compact or tall-pump form factor

364 keV is in the lead working envelope. The lead-only standard tier brings transmission down well into the dispensing-bench dose-rate envelope. Bremsstrahlung is not the dominant pathway at I-131 energies, so the Perspex inner layer is not required.

Tc-99m (line infusion, SPECT routine)

γ 140 keV

Variant

Lead-only (compact tier)

Compact form factor; 50 cc syringe variant available

At 140 keV the compact lead-only tier delivers many half-value layers of attenuation. The 50 cc variant is sized for the unusual case of high-volume SPECT infusion; the standard compact variant fits the routine line-shielding case at lower chassis weight.

Tl-201 / low-energy SPECT

γ 70 keV

Variant

Lead-only (compact tier)

Compact form factor

70 keV sits at the lead photoelectric edge — the compact lead-only tier is dramatically over-built for this energy at multiple orders of magnitude attenuation. The compact form factor keeps chassis weight reasonable for an otherwise modest shielding requirement.

Bremsstrahlung-ordering principle source: NCRP Report 49 + AAPM Report 88; lead HVL data: NIST XCOM photon-attenuation database.

The transport step is part of the dose log

The infusion does not start in the radiopharmacy and finish in the radiopharmacy. The syringe pump, source syringe and patient-side tubing move from the dispensary to the patient bedside or the ward corridor. The IV-pole-cut variant (the β/γ hybrid with the IV-pole-cut back panel) rides a standard ward IV pole — the cabinet stays shielded across the entire transport. Without the pole-mount cut, the staff member walking the syringe across the corridor is the unshielded link in the chain.

Riveira-Martin\'s administration-phase dose figure includes the patient-side approach geometry — it does not isolate the corridor traverse separately. The IV-pole-cut option attacks both: the operator pushes a shielded cart instead of carrying an exposed syringe. For a high-volume centre running 4 patients/week = 200 administrations/year, the transport-step contribution to the year-end extremity-dose log is non-negligible.

ICRP 103 sets the extremity-dose budget at 500 mSv/year.

Riveira-Martin\'s normalized Hp(0.07) hand dose without source-side shielding works out to~67 mSv/year for a physician at a busy 200-administration/year PRRT centre. The cabinet pulls the source-side contribution to a small fraction of that; the per-tier specification and the manufacturer documentation pack are the audit trail the AERB inspection reads against.

Sources: Riveira-Martin et al. 2023 (per-GBq Hp(0.07) data); ICRP Publication 103; AERB Safety Code for Nuclear Medicine Facility.

Scope of this page

The Saxsons Shielded Infusion Pump Shield is not named in Riveira-Martin 2023, Oumano 2025, AAPM Report 88, NCRP 49 or ICRP 103. Those papers and reports define the published staff-dose envelope, the bremsstrahlung-ordering principle, and the extremity-dose limit that any patient-administration shield has to fit inside. Treat this page as a fit-to-evidence argument for the variant matrix, not a head-to-head device comparison.

Sources cited on this page

  • Riveira-Martin M, Sarrut D, Glatting G, et al.Radiation exposure assessment of nuclear medicine staff administering [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE with active and passive dosimetry.EJNMMI Physics 10:84 (2023). PMC10645926.PMC ↗
  • Oumano M, Wendt R, Botti J, et al.Shielding resources for four common radiopharmaceuticals utilized for imaging and therapy: Tc-99m, F-18, I-131, and Lu-177.J Appl Clin Med Phys 26(5): e70062 (2025). PMC12059296.PMC ↗
  • AAPM Report 88.Quality Assurance for Radiopharmacy.AAPM ↗
  • NCRP Report 49.Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays.NCRP ↗
  • ICRP Publication 103.The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP ↗
  • AERB.Safety Code for Nuclear Medicine Facility.AERB ↗